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THE TIMKEN COMPANY
TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS

TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS

Product catalog summary

Overview: The document is a technical catalog for TIMKEN® FAFNIR® Super Precision Bearings, specifically designed for machine tool applications. It provides detailed information on various types of bearings, their specifications, and guidelines for selection and maintenance.

Engineering Section:

Bearing Selection Process: Discusses the criteria for selecting the appropriate bearing based on application requirements.
Determination of Applied Loads and Bearing Analysis: Provides methods for calculating loads and analyzing bearing performance.
Bearing Reactions, Load Ratings, and Life: Explains how to determine bearing reactions and calculate load ratings and expected life.
Permissible Operating Speed: Details the maximum operating speeds for different bearing types.
Lubrication: Offers guidelines on proper lubrication practices to ensure optimal bearing performance.
Run-In Procedures: Describes the initial procedures to ensure bearings are properly seated and functioning.
Heat Generation and Dissipation: Discusses the thermal management of bearings during operation.
Tolerances and Fitting Practices: Provides information on tolerances and best practices for fitting bearings onto shafts and housings.
Shaft and Housing Considerations: Offers design considerations for shafts and housings to ensure compatibility with bearings.
Mounting Designs and Preloading Guidelines: Discusses various mounting designs and guidelines for preloading bearings to enhance performance.

Precision Tapered Roller Bearings:

Part Numbering Systems: Explains the numbering system used for identifying different bearing types.
Styles and Configurations: Details various styles such as TS, TSF, TXR, and TSHR, available in metric and inch sizes.

Super Precision Ball Bearings:

Part Numbering Systems: Similar to roller bearings, explains the numbering system for ball bearings.
Optimized Grades of Precision: Discusses the precision grades available for ball bearings.
Applications: Lists typical applications for super precision ball bearings, including spindle and ball screw support bearings.

Appendix:

Frequency Coefficients: Provides coefficients for calculating bearing frequencies.
Precision Tag Deviation and Runout Charts: Includes charts for assessing precision and runout.
Geometry Factors and Radial Internal Clearance: Discusses factors affecting bearing geometry and internal clearance.
Lubrication Specifications and Operating Temperatures: Offers specifications for lubrication and temperature ranges for bearing materials.

Warranty and Terms: The document outlines the limited warranty provided by Timken, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance and handling practices to avoid injury and ensure product longevity.

European REACH Compliance: Timken lubricants and similar products must comply with the European REACH directive, meaning they must be registered with the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) for import into the EU. For more details, contact a Timken engineer.

Storage Guidelines: Timken provides specific storage guidelines for their products to ensure longevity and performance. Products should remain in original packaging until use, stored in a temperature-controlled environment (0°C to 40°C) with humidity below 60%, and protected from contaminants and vibrations. Special care is needed for products with corrosion-preventive compounds, which may need removal before applying certain lubricants.

Bearing Selection Process: Timken offers a wide range of bearings, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right type based on boundary conditions (loads, temperature, environment) and performance expectations (accuracy, stiffness, service life). The selection process involves balancing these factors to meet application requirements.

Bearing Performance Characteristics: Different bearing types have varying performance characteristics. For example, tapered roller bearings excel under combined loads and high stiffness requirements, while ball bearings are better for high-speed applications. The document includes a table comparing the relative operating characteristics of various bearing types.

Timken Super Precision Bearings: These bearings are designed for high accuracy, reliability, and productivity in machine tools. Key performance factors include speed, stiffness, accuracy, and load capacity. Ball bearings are noted for their superior speed capabilities, while tapered roller bearings offer higher stiffness.

Specifications: The document outlines the different precision classes for bearings, including Timken's HX series of super precision ball bearings and various classes of tapered roller bearings. It highlights the importance of preload and setting in achieving optimal stiffness and performance.

Procedures: The document explains the impact of thermal expansion on preload and stiffness, and the advantages of adjustable tapered roller bearings. It also describes the use of variable preload designs like Timken Hydra-Rib and Spring-Rib bearings for better load management.

Standards and Recommendations: Timken bearings comply with ABEC/ISO standards, with additional controls over non-specified parameters to ensure premium performance. The document recommends conservative preloading to minimize heat generation and maintain speed.

Performance Analysis: Figures in the document compare the stiffness and load capacities of ball bearings versus tapered roller bearings. It emphasizes the true rolling motion of tapered roller bearings, which enhances spindle stiffness and accuracy.

Applications: Timken bearings are used in various machine tools, including high-speed routers, precision lathes, and grinding machines. The document provides a table of typical precision classes for common machine tool applications.

Conclusion: Timken's precision bearings are designed to meet the demanding requirements of the machine tool industry, offering solutions for high-load, high-stiffness, and high-speed applications. The document encourages consulting Timken representatives for specific bearing selection and application advice.

Crossed Roller Bearings: These bearings are designed to withstand high overturning moments, making them ideal for machine tools like vertical boring and grinding machines. They are available in precision classes for both metric and inch systems. The TXRDO type is the most common, featuring a double outer race and two inner races.

Super Precision Ball Bearings: Timken's super precision ball bearings meet high tolerance levels (ABEC 7/9, ISO P4/P2) and are designed for high-speed machine tool spindles. They come in various ISO dimensional series and are available with different internal geometries to optimize load-carrying capacity or speed capability.

Ball Screw Support Bearings: These bearings are designed for servo-controlled machinery, offering high stiffness and simplified installation. They are available in inch and metric series, with options for flanged cylindrical cartridge housings and pillow block housings.

Precision Tapered Roller Bearings: These bearings manage both axial and radial loads, with the angularity described by the "K" factor. The selection of the appropriate bearing involves considerations of size, speed, and construction. Timken offers various designs to meet specific application needs, such as TS, TSF, TSMA, Hydra-Rib, and Spring-Rib bearings.

Contact Angle and Preload: The document discusses the impact of contact angle on bearing performance, particularly in terms of axial and radial load support. It also covers the importance of preload settings in optimizing bearing life and system rigidity.

Precision Class: Timken offers precision tapered roller bearings with enhanced profiles and running accuracy, meeting ISO P5, P4, and P2 levels. The Precision Plus series provides even higher accuracy with radial runout less than a micron.

Specifications: Timken bearings are manufactured to meet ABEC 9/ISO P2 standards for running accuracy and performance, while maintaining cost-effectiveness at ABEC 7/ISO P4 levels. The Ultraprecision MMX (P2) ABEC 9/ISO P2 bearings have tighter tolerances on bore and outer diameter, suitable for ultra-high-speed grinding spindles.

Hybrid Ceramic Bearings: Timken's hybrid ceramic bearings combine ceramic rolling elements with premium steel rings, offering lower friction, reduced heat generation, and higher speed capabilities compared to all-steel bearings. Ceramic balls are lighter and have finer surface finishes, allowing for higher speed factors. However, they are not suitable for high loads or low speeds due to increased contact stress levels.

Size/Series: Different series cater to varying load capacities and speeds, such as the 9300 series for ultra-light loads and high speed, and the 300 series for medium loads.

Construction: WI is the standard construction for angular contact ball bearings, with full shoulders on the inner ring and a low shoulder on the outer ring. The HX design enhances spindle speed and radial stiffness, improving throughput and product tolerances.

Cage Types: Various cage types are available, including phenolic for high-speed applications and machined bronze for high-heat applications.

Seals: Seals are used to exclude contaminants and retain lubricant, with options for non-contacting and light-drag contacting seals.

Bearing Set Quantity: Bearings are available in single, duplex, triplex, and quadruplex matched sets, with each additional bearing increasing system rigidity and load capacity.

Preload Level: Preload levels affect rigidity and performance, with options for extra-light to heavy preloads.

Sealed Ball Screw Support Bearings: Available in flanged and non-flanged series, these bearings simplify installation and improve performance.

Wear/Debris-Resistant Material: Timken's WearEver technology combines high-alloy steel with ceramic balls for improved performance and service life in high-speed applications.

Spindle System Characteristics: Designers aim for precise spindles with minimal vibration and optimal heat characteristics. Dynamic stiffness is influenced by static stiffness, damping, and mass, with bearing selection affecting static stiffness and damping.

Spindle System Static Stiffness: The static stiffness of a spindle system, also known as the spring rate, is the ratio of load to deflection at the spindle's point of load, expressed in N/m. Key factors contributing to static stiffness include bare spindle stiffness, bearing stiffness, and housing stiffness. The formula for calculating bare spindle stiffness shows that increasing the spindle diameter significantly enhances stiffness. Optimal bearing spread can minimize deflection at the cutting point.

Bearing Stiffness: Bearing stiffness is crucial for precision machining, affecting machine repeatability and accuracy. Tapered roller bearings, with line contact, offer higher radial stiffness compared to angular contact ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings. This makes them a cost-effective choice for spindle applications.

Housing Stiffness: Good axial and radial housing stiffness is necessary to support loads transmitted through bearings. Light sections or nonferrous housings require verification of stiffness.

Spindle System Dynamic Stiffness: Dynamic stiffness is influenced by damping characteristics and static stiffness. Preloading bearings increases static stiffness, but excessive preload can reduce dynamic characteristics. Optimal preload settings enhance accuracy and surface finish.

Other Factors Affecting Bearing Selection: Factors such as mounting fits, internal clearances, and lubricant type impact bearing performance. Thermal expansion issues require fixed and floating bearing arrangements to accommodate axial displacement.

Misalignment: Misalignment concerns increase with machine size. Self-aligning bearing mountings can compensate for machining variations and manage dynamic forces.

Effective Spread: Effective bearing spread is crucial for calculating radial loads, ignoring bearing moments by modeling the shaft as supported at its effective bearing center.

Determination of Applied Loads and Bearing Analysis: The document provides a reference for symbols used in bearing analysis, covering factors like reliability life, material life, and operating condition life factors.

Summary of Symbols Used: This section provides a comprehensive list of symbols and their meanings used throughout the catalog. It includes symbols for dynamic and static loads, heat dissipation, torque, velocity, load factors, angles, and other engineering parameters.

Determination of Applied Loads: This section explains the calculation of forces in different types of gearing systems, including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gearing. It provides formulas for calculating tangential, thrust, and separating forces, with specific equations for each gear type.

Shaft and Bearing Reactions: The document discusses how to calculate bearing reactions for shafts supported by two or more bearings. It includes equations for vertical and horizontal reaction components and explains the impact of shock loads and centrifugal forces on bearing life.

Load Ratings: This section covers the basic dynamic and static load ratings used for bearing selection. It explains the philosophy behind Timken's bearing ratings and provides details on the stress levels used to determine static load ratings.

Specifications and Load Calculations: The document provides detailed equations for calculating static and dynamic loads for various types of bearings, including thrust ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, and radial ball bearings. It outlines the use of equivalent static and dynamic loading equations, with specific factors (X and Y) for different bearing types and conditions.

Static Load Ratings: Static load ratings are discussed with emphasis on the importance of the hardness factor (HFs) in modifying the basic static load rating. A table is provided to adjust the static load rating based on raceway hardness.

Dynamic Load Ratings: The document explains the calculation of dynamic equivalent radial loads (Pr) for different bearing types, including single-row and two-row bearings. It provides equations for determining the dynamic equivalent radial load, which is crucial for calculating the L10 life of a bearing.

Design Considerations: Design considerations for thrust conditions and axial loads are detailed, with specific equations for calculating static and dynamic equivalent loads. The document also discusses the impact of external axial loads and the importance of selecting the appropriate bearing design based on load conditions.

Bearing Life and Reliability: Bearing life is defined in terms of fatigue life, with the L10 life representing the life that 90% of a group of bearings will achieve before a fatigue spall develops. The document introduces the ISO/ABMA adjusted bearing life equation and the Timken adjusted bearing life equation, incorporating various life factors such as reliability, material, and operating conditions.

Tables and Figures: The document includes several tables and figures that provide hardness factors, dynamic equivalent load equations, and design thrust conditions. These visual aids are essential for understanding the complex calculations and design considerations discussed.

Debris Life Factor (a3d): Debris in lubrication systems can reduce the life of rolling bearings by causing indentations on contact surfaces, leading to stress risers. Timken's life rating equations are based on test data with specific oil filtration and ISO cleanness levels. Adjustments can be made based on actual debris levels using Debris Signature Analysis™ for more accurate predictions.

Reliability Life Factor (a1): The life adjustment factor for reliability is calculated using a specific equation. For 90% reliability, a1 equals 1, while for 99% reliability, a1 equals 0.25. This factor adjusts the calculated L10 life for reliability.

Material Life Factor (a2): The material life factor for standard Timken bearings is 1.0. Premium steels with fewer impurities can extend bearing fatigue life. This factor is applicable when fatigue life is limited by nonmetallic inclusions and adequate lubrication is provided.

Hardness Life Factor (a3h): For Timken bearings supplied as a full assembly, the hardness life factor is one (1).

Load Zone Life Factor (a3k): Bearing fatigue life is influenced by stresses in rolling elements and raceways, and the number of stress cycles. The load zone is affected by internal clearance, impacting bearing life.

Lubrication Life Factor (a3l): Lubrication film influences bearing performance by reducing metal-metal contact. The lubrication factor is calculated using several parameters, including geometry, load, speed, viscosity, and grease lubrication factors.

Misalignment Life Factor (a3m): Bearing life is affected by misalignment, internal geometry, and applied loads. Accurate alignment is crucial for optimal performance.

Low Load Life Factor (a3p): Extended bearing life is achievable under low contact stresses and sufficient lubrication. The low-load factor predicts life increase under low-bearing loads.

System Life and Weighted Average Load and Life: System reliability is the probability that all bearings in a system will meet or exceed required life. Weighted average life and load equations consider variations in speed, load, and time proportion during load cycles.

Permissible Operating Speed: Determining permissible operating speeds involves factors like spindle mass, construction, mounting type, and lubrication method. Bearing temperatures vary with speed and load, requiring sufficient axial loading in high-speed applications.

Specifications: This document provides detailed technical information on tapered roller bearings, focusing on their speed capabilities, lubrication requirements, and design considerations for optimal performance in machine tool spindles.

Specifications:

Bearing Preload: Essential for maintaining rigidity under heavy loads and controlling temperatures at high speeds.
Rib Speed Calculation: The rib speed is a key measure of bearing speed, calculated using the formula: Vr = Dmn / 60000 (m/s) or Vr = Dmn / 12 (ft/min).

Procedures:

Lubrication Effects: The design of tapered roller bearings naturally pumps lubricant, which is crucial for high-speed operations. Oil jets and ribbed-cup designs are recommended for excessive speeds.
Lubrication Guidelines: Different lubrication systems (grease, oil circulation) have specific speed limits and heat dissipation capabilities. Synthetic greases are suitable for higher speeds, while circulating oil systems are preferred for high loads and speeds.

Standards and Recommendations:

Speed Guidelines: No definitive speed limits exist; performance depends on design and lubrication. Testing is advised for new high-speed applications.
G1 Factor: A critical parameter indicating heat generation characteristics, influencing spindle accuracy.

Design Considerations:

Oil Circulation Systems: Must consider oil characteristics, flow rates, and heat dissipation. Proper design prevents lubricant starvation and bearing damage.
Drainage Systems: Effective drainage is crucial to prevent oil buildup and excessive heat generation.

Tables and Figures:

Speed Capability Guidelines: Detailed tables provide guidelines for various bearing types and lubrication systems, indicating suitable configurations for different speed ranges.
Figures: Illustrations demonstrate lubrication methods, oil jet placements, and drainage designs.

Specifications and Lubrication Requirements: Ball bearings, known for minimal friction, require lubrication to reduce rolling resistance and protect surfaces from corrosion. Proper lubrication minimizes wear and prevents excessive heat from friction. Quality lubricants should be clean and moisture-free. Both insufficient and excessive lubrication can cause issues, with excessive lubrication leading to high temperatures and potential damage.

Lubrication Methods:

Grease: Suitable for various spindle applications, grease simplifies design and reduces maintenance errors. It should have good mechanical and chemical stability. Two types are recommended: soft grease (NLGI of two or less) and firmer channeling grease (NLGI of three or more).
Oil: Preferred for high-speed operations, oil provides better cooling. High-grade spindle oil is recommended for drip-feed oilers, oil bath lubrication, and oil mist systems.
Oil Bath: Suitable for low to moderate speeds, ensuring the static oil level is below the center of the lowermost ball.
Drip-Feed Oil: Used for high-speed applications, ensuring a constant lubricant supply.
Oil Jet: Required for heavily loaded, high-speed, and high-temperature applications.
Oil Mist: Used for continuous high-speed spindles, providing lubrication and cooling.
Metered Air/Oil: Similar to oil mist but with a higher air-to-oil ratio, reducing operating temperatures.

Run-In Procedures: Proper run-in procedures are crucial for spreading grease inside bearings and avoiding excessive temperatures. Temperature monitoring is essential to prevent damage. The procedure involves starting at low speeds and gradually increasing as temperatures stabilize. If temperatures exceed 70°C (158°F), the process should be stopped to prevent damage.

Grease and Speed Capability: Different greases are recommended based on load and speed requirements. For example, Unirex N3 is suggested for vertical applications under 500000 dN, while Kluber BF-7222 is suitable for high-speed applications over 750000 dN.

Conclusion: Proper lubrication and run-in procedures are essential for the longevity and performance of ball bearings. Selecting the right lubricant and following recommended procedures can prevent excessive wear and damage, ensuring optimal operation.

Specifications: The document outlines the tolerances for bearing bores and shaft outer diameters (O.D.) across different classes and sizes. It includes tables with precise measurements in both metric and inch units, indicating the maximum and minimum tolerances for each class.

Procedures: The catalog provides guidelines for machining bearing seats and shoulders, emphasizing the importance of characteristics such as circularity, cylindricity, coaxiality, and angularity. It also discusses the importance of perpendicularity and flatness for bearing shoulders.

Standards and Norms: The document references ISO standards for shaft and housing tolerances, ensuring that the bearings meet international quality and precision standards.

Recommendations: Suggested fitting guidelines are provided for ferrous shafts and housings, especially under conditions of heavy loads, high speed, or shock. The document advises contacting a Timken representative for specific requirements.

Key Data from Tables: The tables provide detailed tolerances for bearing bores and O.D.s, with symbols indicating whether the fit is tight (T) or loose (L). The tables also suggest surface finish requirements for precision bearings, with specific roughness average (Ra) values for shafts and housings.

Critical Information: The document highlights the importance of maintaining precise tolerances and surface finishes to ensure optimal bearing performance. It also stresses the need for proper shaft and housing fits to prevent issues such as creeping, slipping, and overheating.

Specifications: The document outlines various specifications for bearings, including ABEC ratings (7/9 and 9), ISO standards (P4S and P2), and tolerances for roundness, parallelism, squareness, and concentricity. Surface finish requirements are specified as Ra 16 (µin.) or 0.4 µm. Housing journal diameters are provided in both micrometers and microinches, with specific tolerances for different size ranges.

Procedures: Key procedures for achieving good spindle accuracy include selecting proper precision bearings, ensuring good design and machining of components, correct fitting practices, and appropriate bearing setting. The document emphasizes the importance of the design and accuracy of mounting surfaces to minimize runout in spindle-bearing-housing systems.

Housing Design: Housings are typically made from cast iron or steel, often heat-treated to reduce distortion. The bore should be ground or bored to ensure roundness and avoid tapering. The document suggests using a single casting for mounting bearings to ensure accurate alignment and discusses the use of subhousings or steel sleeves for certain applications.

Housing Seals: A labyrinth combination of slinger and end cover is recommended for effective sealing against foreign matter. For slower speeds, a combination of slinger and a commercial contact-type seal is suggested. Specific dimensions for axial and radial clearances are provided.

Shafts: Shafts should be made from hardened and ground steel, with a recommended hardness of 45-50 HRC. The document advises grinding the shaft in one setting to ensure true balance and running accuracy.

Locking Devices: Various locking devices are discussed, including precision adjusting nuts and ground spacers, to maintain accurate positioning of bearings. The document provides illustrations of different locking configurations.

Mounting Designs: Several mounting designs are described, including three-support mountings for heavy machines and simple mountings for high-speed applications. The document details the use of tapered roller bearings and the importance of lubrication systems.

Other Mountings: Different mounting arrangements such as back-to-back, face-to-face, and tandem are explained, with their respective advantages and applications. The document also discusses triplex and quadruplex bearing mountings for high capacity and rigidity.

Duplex Ball Bearings: The document discusses the assembly and mounting of duplex ball bearings, specifically face-to-face (DF) and back-to-back (DB) configurations. It highlights that face-to-face arrangements are less rigid and can lead to excessive preload due to thermal expansion, potentially causing spindle damage. Back-to-back mountings are preferred as they relieve preload during thermal expansion.

Spring-Loaded Mountings: For high-speed applications, spring-loading ball bearings can provide radial and axial rigidity while allowing lateral movement during temperature changes. This setup helps maintain consistent load on the spindle system.

High Points of Runout: Aligning the high points of runout on bearing components can optimize spindle accuracy. Proper alignment neutralizes eccentricity and minimizes the effect of high spots.

Setting and Preloading Guidelines: The document outlines the importance of optimal bearing settings for spindle performance, considering factors like rotating speed, applied loads, and lubrication. It emphasizes the need for light preload to avoid excessive temperatures and bearing damage.

Preloading of Precision Ball Bearings: Preloading is achieved by grinding stock off the bearing faces, ensuring compressive forces bring the balls into contact with raceways. The document warns against excessive preload, which can reduce operating speed range and increase temperatures.

Introduction: Timken® precision tapered roller bearings are widely used in machine tool applications due to their stiffness, load-carrying capacity, precision, and reliability. The document outlines the numbering systems, specifications, and applications of these bearings, emphasizing their importance in maintaining machine accuracy at high speeds.

Numbering Systems: The document describes two main numbering systems for tapered roller bearings: the ISO 355 and ABMA systems. The ISO 355 system is application-oriented, with component fields and suffix codes indicating specific features like flanged cups or customized performance. The ABMA system is used for inch and metric radial bearings, with unique component part numbers.

Specifications and Codes: Various codes are used to describe the bearings, including duty class codes (e.g., general purpose, high speed), angularity codes (indicating the angle range), and cone bore codes (indicating size in mm). The document also details assembly codes and inspection codes, which specify precision class and performance requirements.

Precision Bearing Types: The document highlights several types of precision tapered roller bearings:

Single-Row Bearings (TS and TSF): Basic type with separable inner and outer rings, often used in opposing pairs.
Two-Row Bearings (TDO): Feature a double outer race and are used for applications with significant overturning moments.
Crossed Roller Bearings (TXR): Offer high resistance to overturning moments with a compact design.
High-Speed Bearings (TSMA and TSHR): Designed for applications requiring speeds beyond standard bearings, with features like axial oil holes and preload adjustment devices.

Applications and Best Practices: Precision tapered roller bearings are used in various applications beyond machine tools, such as printing presses and precision drives. The document advises against replacing precision bearings with standard ones, as this can lead to poor accuracy and premature tool wear. It emphasizes the importance of replacing both inner and outer rings to maintain accuracy and recommends careful inspection and refurbishment of surrounding components before remounting bearings.

Conclusion: Timken's commitment to precision is demonstrated by their dedicated manufacturing plant for precision-class bearings, ensuring high-quality production. The document provides technical information to assist designers in selecting the right bearing arrangement for specific applications, highlighting the importance of precision in maintaining machine performance.

Specifications: The document lists various part numbers with corresponding dimensions such as bore, outer diameter (O.D.), and width. It also details load ratings including static and dynamic capacities, both in kN and lbs.

Performance Options: High-speed versions (TSMA) are available, offering tighter tolerances for higher precision requirements. The document notes that synthetic high-speed grease can improve speed by up to 60%.

Load Ratings: The load ratings are categorized into static (Co) and dynamic (C1, C90, Ca90) capacities, with specific values provided for each part number. These ratings are crucial for determining the bearing's ability to withstand different forces.

Mounting Dimensions: Detailed mounting dimensions are provided, including bore, O.D., cone width, and cup width. The document also specifies maximum shaft and housing fillet radii, which are important for proper installation and performance.

Additional Notes: The document includes notes on effective center positioning, spindle system characteristics, and the importance of matched components and runout high points for optimal bearing performance.

Introduction: The document provides detailed information on Timken's super precision ball bearings, focusing on their specifications, performance, and applications in machine tools. It explains the meaning of prefixes and suffixes in the Timken numbering system, which denote variations in precision and design features.

Specifications: The document outlines various series and types of ball bearings, including angular-contact bearings and ball screw support bearings. It describes the precision grades such as MV(P4), MM(P4S), and MMX(P2), which comply with ABEC/ISO standards for high precision and performance. The document also details the micron coding system used for bore and outer diameter measurements to ensure optimal fitting in machine tools.

Performance: Timken's precision bearings are designed to provide premium performance by adhering to strict controls over non-specified parameters that affect service life and performance. The bearings are engineered to operate at low temperatures and provide high rigidity in both axial and radial directions.

Applications: The document highlights the importance of selecting the proper size and type of ball bearings for machine tool spindles to achieve desired spindle speed, work accuracy, and finish. It provides examples of successful applications, such as high-speed internal-grinding spindles, ultra-precision surface-grinding spindles, and heavy-duty precision-boring spindles.

Mounting Arrangements: Details on mounting configurations for ball screw support bearings are provided, including duplex, triplex, and quadruplex arrangements. The document emphasizes the importance of proper alignment and preload to ensure optimal performance.

Special Requirements: Timken offers solutions for high-speed, grease-lubricated spindles and heavy-precision workheads requiring unusual rigidity and running accuracy. The document suggests consulting with Timken representatives for specific design features and application problems.

Conclusion: Timken's super precision ball bearings are engineered to meet the demanding requirements of modern machine tools, offering high performance, precision, and reliability across a wide range of applications.

Specifications: The document lists multiple bearing models, each with specific dimensions, load ratings, and speed capabilities. Key parameters include bore diameter, outer diameter, width, static and dynamic load ratings, and speed ratings for both steel and ceramic ball bearings.

Mounting Arrangements: The catalog outlines different mounting configurations such as Back-to-Back (DB), Tandem (DT), and Face-to-Face (DF). It notes that for configurations other than DB or DF, consultation with a Timken representative is recommended.

Performance Data: The document provides preload, axial stiffness, radial stiffness, and spacer offsets for various bearing models. It categorizes bearings into different performance levels: X-light, Light, Medium, and Heavy, with corresponding stiffness and preload values.

Speed Capability: Detailed speed capability data is provided for each bearing model, indicating grease and oil capacities, and operating speeds under different mounting conditions. The document specifies low and high-speed thresholds and adjustments for ceramic ball complements.

Key Recommendations: For optimal performance, the document suggests specific grease capacities and operating speeds. It also emphasizes the importance of correct mounting fits and shoulder diameters for both fixed and floating configurations.

Conclusion: This catalog serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting and utilizing Timken's Extra-Light ISO 10 Series bearings, providing essential data for engineers and technicians in the machine tool industry.

Mounting Arrangements: The document specifies different mounting arrangements for bearings, including Back-to-Back (DB), Tandem (DT), and Face-to-Face (DF). It notes that for arrangements other than DB or DF, consultation with a Timken representative is recommended.

Super Precision Bearings: The document details the specifications for Timken's super precision bearings, specifically the Extra-Light ISO 10 Series 2MMV9100HX and 3MMV9100HX. These bearings are designed for high-speed applications and are available in various configurations with different grease capacities and operating speeds.

Speed Capability Data: The document provides detailed speed capability data for different bearing models, indicating grease and oil capacities, as well as low and high operating speeds. It also mentions that for ceramic ball complements, speeds can be increased by 120%.

Load Ratings and Dimensions: The document includes load ratings and dimensions for various bearing models, specifying bore, outer diameter, width, and ball size. It also provides static and dynamic load ratings, speed ratings, and suggested shoulder diameters for mounting.

Construction Details: The document describes the deep-groove (Conrad) construction of the bearings, which includes high shoulders on both inner and outer rings and a two-piece piloted cage for ball separation.

Specifications: The catalog lists multiple bearing models, each with specific dimensions such as bore diameter, outer diameter, and width. It also includes load ratings for both static and dynamic conditions, and speed ratings for steel and ceramic ball configurations.

Procedures and Standards: The document adheres to ABEC 9 (ISO P2) for running accuracy and performance, with other features conforming to ABEC 7 (ISO P4) requirements. It provides guidelines for permissible operating speeds, especially for grease-lubricated, spring-preloaded bearings.

Recommendations: For ceramic ball complements, it is recommended to use 120% of the speeds shown. The document also advises consulting the engineering section for permissible speed calculation methods for different mounting configurations.

Key Data from Tables: The tables provide detailed information on each bearing model, including the number of balls, weight, and suggested shoulder diameters for shaft and housing. It also specifies the maximum and minimum dimensions for mounting fits, both fixed and floating.

Critical Information: The document highlights the importance of specific gravity in fill weights, the distinction between low and high-speed applications, and the impact of contact angles on load ratings. It also emphasizes the need for precise tolerances in preloaded bearing sets.

Specifications: The document lists numerous bearing models, each with specific dimensions such as bore diameter, outer diameter, and width. It also includes load ratings, both static and dynamic, and speed ratings in RPM. The bearings are categorized by series and type, such as WI Construction and ISO 03 Series.

Construction Details: The WI Construction bearings feature a low shoulder on the non-thrust side of the outer rings and use a one-piece cage to separate the balls. The document specifies the materials used, such as steel and ceramic balls, and provides recommended mounting fits for both fixed and floating applications.

Performance Data: The catalog includes performance data for duplex arrangements, detailing preload, axial stiffness, radial stiffness, and spacer offsets. This data is crucial for understanding the bearing's behavior under different load conditions and ensuring optimal performance in machine tools.

Key Parameters: Each bearing model is associated with specific parameters, including preload levels (X-light, Light, Medium, Heavy), stiffness values in N/µm and lbs./in, and spacer offsets in µm and inches. These parameters help in selecting the right bearing for specific applications.

Recommendations: The document suggests shoulder diameters and mounting fits for shafts and housings, ensuring proper installation and performance. It also provides guidelines for selecting bearings based on load and speed requirements.

Conclusion: This catalog serves as a comprehensive guide for selecting and understanding Timken machine tool bearings, offering detailed technical data and recommendations for optimal use in various industrial applications.

Ball Screw Support Series Overview: The document provides detailed specifications and performance data for the Timken Machine Tool Catalog's Ball Screw Support Series, focusing on both metric and inch series. These bearings are designed for maximum axial rigidity, low drag torque, and precise control of lateral eccentricity. They are manufactured to high precision standards, including ABEC 9/ISO P2 axial tolerances and ABEC 7/ISO P4 radial tolerances. The bearings are non-separable angular-contact type with a 60-degree contact angle and are prelubricated with heavy-duty grease NLGI #2.

Specifications: The catalog lists various bearing numbers with detailed specifications including bore diameter, outer diameter, width, ball quantity and diameter, weight, and radial dimensions. The bearings are available in different configurations such as Back-to-Back (DB), Face-to-Face (DF), and Tandem (DT) arrangements, allowing for versatile mounting options.

Performance Data: The performance data section provides information on static limiting thrust capacity, dynamic axial load rating, speed rating, axial spring constant, drag torque, and preload for both DUH and QUH configurations. The data is based on a 1500-hour L10 life and permissible speed, with heavy preload being standard.

Ball Screw Support Bearing Cartridge Units: The document also describes the BSBU cartridge units, which are designed to provide excellent stiffness and accuracy in ball screw applications. These units combine MM-BS-DU (Duplex) ball screw support bearings with a precisely manufactured housing and laminar ring seals. They are prepacked with high-quality bearing grease and require no further lubrication.

Overview: The document is a technical catalog detailing specifications and features of various bearing series, specifically designed for machine tool applications. It includes both standard and heavy-duty series, with a focus on ball screw support bearings and spindle bearings.

Sections:

Standard Series: This section outlines the dimensional tolerances and specifications for standard series bearings, including bore, outer diameter, and width measurements. It emphasizes the precision and tolerance levels required for these components.
Heavy-Duty Series: Details specifications for heavy-duty bearings, highlighting their increased load capacity and dimensions. These are designed for more demanding applications.
Ball Screw Support Bearings: The document describes the MMF and MMN series, which are specifically designed for ball screw applications. Key features include a double-row design for axial and combined load support, low torque seals, and easy installation. The section provides detailed specifications for each bearing model, including dynamic and static stiffness, speed ratings, and preload capacities.
EX-CELL-O Spindle Bearings: This section covers replacement bearings for EX-CELL-O spindles, detailing the "EX" and "XWO" series. It includes information on preload selection, speed ratings, and dimensional tolerances for these spindle bearings.

Key Specifications:

Dimensional Tolerances: ± 0.13 mm (± 0.005 in.) unless otherwise stated.
Contact Angle: Nominal 60 degrees for superior axial rigidity and accuracy.
Installation: Bearings are designed for easy and flexible installation without external clamping.
Optional Features: Sealed duplex configuration with optional seals, shields, ceramic balls, and quadruplex sets available.

Tables and Data: The document includes extensive tables listing the specifications for each bearing model, such as bore size, outer diameter, width, weight capacity, and speed ratings. These tables are crucial for selecting the appropriate bearing for specific applications.

Overview: The document is a section from the Timken Machine Tool Catalog, focusing on super precision bearings. It provides detailed specifications for various bearing series, including their fundamental train frequency (FTF), ball spin frequency (BSF), ball pass frequency outer (BPFO), and ball pass frequency inner (BPFI).

Key Sections:

Specifications: The document lists multiple series of bearings, such as 2MMV9300HX, 3MMV9300HX, 2MM9100WI, and others. Each series is associated with specific Timken and ISO bearing numbers.
Frequency Definitions: The document defines key frequencies for bearing operation:
- FTF (Fundamental Train Frequency): The frequency at which the cage operates.
- BSF (Ball Spin Frequency): The frequency at which a defect on a rolling element is detected.
- BPFO (Ball Pass Frequency Outer): The frequency at which a defect in the outer race is detected.
- BPFI (Ball Pass Frequency Inner): The frequency at which a defect in the inner race is detected.
Data Tables: The document includes extensive tables listing the FTF, BSF, BPFO, and BPFI for each bearing number, both for inner and outer ring rotations.

Critical Information: The tables provide essential data for diagnosing bearing conditions and ensuring optimal performance in machine tools. The frequencies listed are crucial for maintenance and troubleshooting.

Overview: This document is a technical catalog from Timken, detailing specifications and frequency coefficients for various series of super precision bearings. It includes tables with bearing numbers, frequency coefficients, and geometry factors, as well as guidelines for precision tag deviation and runout charts.

Key Sections:

Specifications: The document lists various bearing series such as 3MM200WI, 2MM300WI, and 3MM300WI, with detailed frequency coefficients including Fundamental Train Frequency (FTF), Ball Spin Frequency (BSF), Ball Pass Frequency Outer (BPFO), and Ball Pass Frequency Inner (BPFI).
Frequency Coefficients: These coefficients are crucial for detecting defects in rolling elements and races. The document provides specific values for inner and outer ring rotations.
Precision Tag Deviation and Runout Charts: This section provides deviation classes for metric and inch systems, indicating the precision levels for bearing assembly and installation.
Geometry Factors: Tables list constants such as Cg, G1, G2, and K for tapered roller bearings, which are used in calculations related to heat generation and operating speed.
Bearing Spacers: The document briefly mentions spacers, which are used in bearing assemblies to maintain proper alignment and spacing.

Critical Information: The document emphasizes the importance of understanding frequency coefficients and geometry factors for the effective use and maintenance of bearings. It also highlights the precision required in bearing assembly to ensure optimal performance.

Spacer Specifications: Spacers are used to enhance shaft rigidity and reduce deflection. They should be made of alloy steel, hardened, and ground, with equal lengths achieved by grinding the inner and outer-ring spacers together. The faces must be square, and corners should be smoothed to remove sharp edges. The inner-ring spacer should fit the shaft without being too loose, while the outer-ring spacer should be slightly smaller than the housing bore.

Radial Internal Clearance for Ball Bearings: Deep groove radial bearings can be matched to various clearances to meet design requirements. Bearings without a specified clearance will be supplied with a standard "P" fit (ISO C3).

Bearing Locknuts: Precision self-locking bearing locknuts are recommended for positioning precision bearings on spindle shafts. These locknuts deform slightly when tightened, creating an interference fit that prevents rotation.

Locknut Torque Guidelines: A table provides torque values for different bearing bores, with torque measured in N/m and ft-lb, and clamping force in kN and lb.

Lubrication Specifications: Timken provides specific lubricants and rust preservatives for bearings, with equivalents allowed. Grease packing recommendations vary based on speed, with 25-40% for low to moderate speeds and 15-20% for high speeds.

Operating Temperatures for Bearing Materials: Tables list standard operating temperatures for various bearing materials, including low alloy carbon-chromium steels and corrosion-resistant stainless steels. Stability and hardness at elevated temperatures are discussed.

Conversion Tables: Various conversion tables are provided for viscosity, acceleration, area, torque, energy, force, and length, facilitating the conversion between different units of measurement.

Overview: This document is a technical catalog from Timken, focusing on machine tool bearings and related components. It includes conversion tables, product specifications, and forms for requesting assistance or damage analysis.

Conversion Tables: The document provides conversion factors for various units of measurement, including length, mass, power, pressure, temperature, velocity, and volume. For example, 1 mile equals 1609.344 meters, and 1 pound-mass equals 0.4535924 kilograms.

Product Information: The catalog lists various series of ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, such as the BSBU, BSPB, and MM series. Each series is associated with specific page numbers for detailed descriptions.

Request Forms: The document includes forms for requesting assistance with bearing selection and damage analysis. These forms gather information about the application, bearing type, mounting configuration, speed, lubrication, and external loads.

Application Information: Detailed sections cover application-specific data, including speed, lubrication methods, temperature conditions, and external load information. This helps in selecting the appropriate bearing for specific machinery.

Technical Assistance: Timken offers technical support through phone and online resources. Contact information is provided for both US/Canada and international inquiries.

Additional Resources: The catalog mentions the availability of interactive versions and mobile apps for accessing Timken's product information.

Catalog excerpts

TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS

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Bearing Selection Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Determination of Applied Loads and Bearing Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bearing Reactions, Load Ratings and Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permissible Operating Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lubrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Run-In Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-4

TIMKEN MACHINE TOOL CATALOG ABOUT THE TIMKEN COMPANY The leading authority on tapered roller bearings, Timken today applies its deep knowledge of metallurgy, tribology and mechanical power transmission across a variety of bearings and related systems to improve reliability and efficiency of machinery and equipment all around the world. Timken (NYSE: TKR; www.timken.com) engineers, manufactures and markets bearings, gear drives, belts, chain and related products, and offers a spectrum of powertrain rebuild and repair services. To view more Timken catalogs, go to www.timken.com/catalogs for interactive...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-5

Introduction ABOUT THIS CATALOG Timken offers an extensive range of bearings and accessories in both imperial and metric sizes. For your convenience, size ranges are indicated both in millimeters and inches. Contact your Timken sales representative to learn more about our complete line for the special needs of your application. USING THIS CATALOG We are committed to providing our customers with maximum service and quality. This catalog contains dimensions, tolerances and load ratings, as well as an engineering section describing fitting practices for shafts and housings, internal clearances,...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-6

TIMKEN MACHINE TOOL CATALOG PURCHASER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY/SELLER’S EXPRESS LIMIT OF LIABILITY Purchaser’s exclusive remedy for any warranty claim, or for any claim arising out of the purchase or use of our products, shall be the replacement of said products. We will replace our products, without charge to the purchaser, f.o.b. our point of shipment. We will not be liable for any consequential, incidental, or other damages sustained by purchaser, including but not limited to, loss of profits or revenue, loss of use of product, cost of capital, cost of substituted product, facilities, services,...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-7

SHELF LIFE AND STORAGE OF GREASE-LUBRICATED BEARINGS AND COMPONENTS To help you get the most value from our products, Timken provides guidelines for the shelf life of grease-lubricated ball and roller bearings, components and assemblies. Shelf life information is based on Timken and industry test data and experience. SHELF LIFE Shelf life should be distinguished from lubricated bearing/ component design life as follows: Shelf life of the grease-lubricated bearing/component represents the period of time prior to use or installation. The shelf life is a portion of the anticipated aggregate design life....

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-8

TIMKEN MACHINE TOOL CATALOG Inasmuch as Timken is not familiar with a customer’s particular storage conditions, these guidelines are strongly suggested. However, the customer may very well be required by circumstance or applicable government requirements to adhere to stricter storage requirements. Most bearing types are typically shipped protected with a corrosionpreventive compound that is not a lubricant. Such bearings may be used in oil-lubricated applications without removal of the corrosion-preventive compound. When using some specialized grease lubrication it is advisable to remove the...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-9

Bearing Selection Bearing Selection Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Determination of Applied Loads and Bearing Analysis. . . . . 32 Bearing Reactions, Load Ratings and Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Permissible Operating Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Lubrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Run-In Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Heat Generation and Dissipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-10

TIMKEN MACHINE TOOL CATALOG

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-11

THE BEARING SELECTION PROCESS TIMKEN® BEARINGS Timken provides an extensive variety of rolling bearing types and sizes – to the extent that customers need not look elsewhere. Knowing that the bearing is often the most critical component within a moving assembly, Timken engineers take great care to ensure the customer is receiving maximum value when a Timken® bearing is selected to perform a given function. With the acquisition of the Fafnir® brand, Timken can provide the proper bearing for virtually any motion-control application. With more than a century of proven experience in bearing technology,...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-12

ENGINEERING Boundary (or fixed) conditions that should be taken into consideration include: • External loads, including radial, thrust, moment, shock and combination loads. • Acceleration and deceleration levels. • Operating temperature range (including extreme limits and thermal cycling). • Other environmental factors, such as humidity, fluids, vibration, debris, magnetic fields. • Spatial constraints. Performance expectations (or desired results) to consider include: • Rotational accuracy and repeatability (e.g., service precision level). • System rigidity (axial or radial stiffness). • Application...

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-13

Tapered roller bearing Thrust tapered roller bearing Cylindrical roller bearing Thrust cylindrical roller bearing Spherical roller bearing Thrust spherical roller bearing Ball bearing Thrust ball bearing Table 1. Relative operating characteristics of various bearing types. TIMKEN MACHINE TOOL CATALOG 11

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TIMKEN® FAFNIR® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS FOR MACHINE TOOL APPLICATIONS-14

ENGINEERING TIMKEN® SUPER PRECISION BEARINGS Manufacturers require machine tools that are extremely accurate, reliable and capable of high levels of productivity. A major contribution to the performance of any machine tool is supplied by the rolling bearings used to support the spindles, rotating tables, ball screws and other critical precision positions. A manufactured bearing’s precision level has a major influence on the ability to perform in high-speed applications commonly seen in factory machining environments. Today’s industrial machining environments stress maximum production rates. To...

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