HexForce® Reinforcements Technical Fabrics Handbook Woven & Unidirectional Fabrics ¥¥Glass ¥¥Carbon ¥¥Ar

Reinforcements for Composites Manufacturing, Sales and Customer Service Seguin, Texas 1913 N. King St. Seguin, TX 78155 United States Telephone: (830) 379-1580 Fax: (830) 379-9544 Customer Service Toll Free: 1 (866) 601-5430 Technical Service: 1 (830) 401-8180 Manufacturing Les Avenieres, France Z.I. Les Nappes 38630 Les Avenieres France Tel: +33 4 74 33 99 33 HiMax™ Multiaxial Reinforcements Hexcel Reinforcements UK Ltd Cutters Close Narborough Leicester, UK LE19 2FZ Tel: +44(0) 1162 752 200 For European sales office numbers and a full address list, please go to: www.hexcel.com/contact/salesoffices www.hexcel.com...

Commercial Disclaimer For Commercial Use Only - In determining whether the material is suitable for a particular application, such factors as overall product design and the processing and environmental conditions to which it will be subjected should be considered by the User. The following is made in lieu of all warranties, expressed or implied: Seller’s only obligations shall be to replace such quantity of this product which has proven to not substantially comply with the data presented in this bulletin. In the event of the discovery of a nonconforming product, Seller shall not be liable for...

Hexcel Corporation is a leading advanced composites company. It develops, manufactures and markets lightweight, high-performance structural materials; including carbon fibers, reinforcements, prepregs, honeycomb, matrix systems, adhesives and composite structures, used in commercial aerospace, space and defense and industrial applications such as wind turbines. As the most vertically integrated supplier in the industry, Hexcel is better able to control the cost, quality and delivery of its products. Vertical integration also means that we can offer enhanced design flexibility and support to our customers...

In selecting a woven fabric for industrial applications, a number of design parameters may be considered. These are broken down into four basic variables: yarn weight, thread count, weave pattern and fabric finish. The wide range of yarn weights provides the base for fabric design. Yarn weight, combined with thread count [the number of warp ends (lengthwise) and filling picks (widthwise) per inch] determines the strength, weight and thickness of the fabric. Basic weaving concepts are utilized in the manufacture of fiber glass and high performance fabrics. The technology, however, is advanced...

Basket The basket weave is similar to the plain weave except that two or more warp yarns and two or more filling yarns are alternately interlaced over and under each other. The basket weave is more pliable, flatter and stronger than the plain weave, but is not as stable. Leno The leno weave is used where relatively low numbers of yarns are involved. The leno weave locks the yarns in place by crossing two or more warp threads over each other and interlacing with one or more filling threads. Four Harness Satin (Crowfoot) The four harness satin weave is more pliable than the plain weave and is easier...

Eight Harness Satin The eight harness satin is similar to the four harness satin except that one filling yarn floats over seven warp yarns and under one. This is a very pliable weave and is used for forming over curved surfaces. 2x2 Twill Weave The twill weave is more pliable than the plain weave and has better drapability while maintaining more fabric stability than a four or eight harness satin weave. The weave pattern is characterized by a diagonal rib created by one warp yarn floating over at least two filling yarns.

Fiber Glass Fabrics

The versatility of glass as a fiber makes it a unique industrial textile material. Fiber glass in fabric form offers an excellent combination of properties from high strength to fire resistance. Wide ranges of yarn sizes and weave patterns provide unlimited design potential, allowing the end user to choose the best combination of material performance, economics and product flexibility. Dimensional Stability Fiber glass is a dimensionally stable engineering material. Fiber glass does not stretch or shrink after exposure to extremely high or low temperature. The maximum elongation for “E” glass...

Chemical Resistance Most chemicals have little or no effect on glass fiber. The inorganic glass textile fibers will not mildew, rot or deteriorate. Glass fibers are affected by hydrofluoric, hot phosphoric acids and strong alkaline substances. Electrical Properties Fiber glass is an excellent material for electrical insulation. The combination of properties such as low moisture absorption, high strength, heat resistance and low dielectric constant makes fiber glass fabrics ideal as a reinforcement for printed circuit boards and insulating varnishes. Thermal Conductivity A low coefficient of thermal...

1. Warping The first step in the warping stage is beaming, where purchased yarn is transferred from the bobbin creel to section beams. Most input yarn is in singles form; however, some yarn is twisted and plied together to yield unique properties. The section beams constitute the machine direction or thread sheet segment of yarn in the loom. Several section beams are produced and consolidated into a group called a set, which provides the input for the slashing process. 2. Slashing The slashing process combines the warp ends of the set’s multiple section beams into a single beam for weaving called...

4. Weaving After the warp beam is installed in the loom, then either rapier technology for heavy fabrics, or air jet technology for lighter fabrics is used to interlace the filling yarns at 90 degree angles to the warp ends on the loom. The fabric, called greige or loom state, is then wound onto a roll or steel drums called mandrels, and the weaving process is complete. 5. Heat Cleaning The next stage is batch oven cleaning, where the mandrels are placed on racks, loaded into large ovens, and exposed to high temperatures until all organic binders are removed and a pure clean glass fabric is produced. Organic,...